A Guide to the Most Commonly Used Rating Systems in the United States
Medium/Name
Evaluative Ratings
(Recommendations & Warnings)
Content Indicators
Assignment
(Who Decides?)
Movies/ Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA) Ratings G: General Audiences
PG: Parental Guidance Suggested
PG-13: Parents Strongly Cautioned
R: Restricted
NC-17: No One 17 and under admitted
None; reasons for ratings of recent films available at www.mpaa.org Assigned by paid panel of parents; possibility of appeal to Industry Panel
TV/ TV Parental Guidelines (V-chip ratings)

*[Material in brackets not usually given with ratings]

 

TV-Y: [All Children]*
TV-Y7: [Directed to Older Children]
TV-G: [General Audience]
TV-PG: [Parental Guidance Suggested]
TV-14: [Parents Strongly Cautioned]
TV-MA: [Mature Audiences Only]
V: [Violence]*
S: [Sex]
L: [Coarse Language]
D: [Sexual Dialog or Innuendo]
FV: [Fantasy Violence]
Self-assigned by producer or distributor; designed to be applied to all programming except news and sports. 
TV/ "E/I" Educational/Informational Programming E/I (Various icons and indicators for different stations) None Self-Assigned by television station
Music Advisories Parental Advisory: Explicit Content None Self-assigned by producer or distributor
Video Games/ Electronic Software Ratings Board  (ESRB) Ratings eC: Early Childhood: Ages 3+
E: Everyone: Ages 6+
E10+: Everyone 10 and older
T: Teen: Ages 13+
M: Mature: Ages 17+
Ao: Adults Only
Variety of phrases, e.g., "animated violence," "comic mischief," "strong language," "mature sexual themes." Assigned by Rating Board based on submitted tape and questionnaire
Arcade Games/ Parental Advisory System None Animated Violence, Life-like Violence, Sexual Content
Language (three levels of each: green: "suitable for everyone"; yellow: "mild"; red: "strong")
Self-assigned by producer or distributor
Internet Sites/ Recreational Software Advisory Council (RSACi) Ratings; Internet Content Rating Association (ICRA) None Violence, Nudity, Sex, Offensive Language (levels for each or the presence of specific elements and context features) Computer-generated rating based on self-report questionnaire by producer
For background information on the need for and the development of media ratings, see Joanne Cantor, "Mommy, I'm Scared": How TV and Movies Frighten Children and What We Can Do to Protect Them. Harvest/Harcourt, 1998.   See also my children's book Teddy's TV Troubles.  Goblin Fern Press, 2004.
* [Information in brackets not usually available when rating appears.]
Joanne Cantor, Ph. D., University of Wisconsin-Madison; jrcantor@wisc.edu; www.joannecantor.com

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